JavaScript String

JavaScript string is a primitive data type that is used to work with texts. For example,

const name = 'John';

Create JavaScript Strings

In JavaScript, strings are created by surrounding them with quotes. There are three ways you can use quotes.

• Single quotes: 'Hello'
• Double quotes: "Hello"
• Backticks: `Hello`

For example,

//strings example
const name = 'Peter';
const name1 = "Jack";
const result = `The names are ${name} and ${name1}`;

Single quotes and double quotes are practically the same and you can use either of them.

Backticks are generally used when you need to include variables or expressions into a string. This is done by wrapping variables or expressions with ${variable or expression} as shown above.

You can also write a quote inside another quote. For example,

const name = 'My name is "Peter".';

However, the quote should not match the surrounding quotes. For example,

const name = 'My name is 'Peter'.'; // error

Access String Characters

You can access the characters in a string in two ways.

• One way is to treat strings as an array. For example,

const a = 'hello';
console.log(a[1]); // "e"

• Another way is to use the method charAt(). For example,

const a = 'hello';
console.log(a.charAt(1)); // "e"

JavaScript Strings are immutable

In JavaScript, strings are immutable. That means the characters of a string cannot be changed. For example,

let a = 'hello';
a[0] = 'H';
console.log(a); // "hello"

However, you can assign the variable name to a new string. For example,

let a = 'hello';
a = 'Hello';
console.log(a); // "Hello"

JavaScript is Case-Sensitive

JavaScript is case-sensitive. That means in JavaScript, the lowercase and uppercase letters are treated as different values. For example,

const a = 'a';
const b = 'A'
console.log(a === b); // false

In JavaScript, a and A are treated as different values.

JavaScript Multiline Strings

To use a multiline string, you can either use the + operator or the \ operator. For example,

// using the + operator
const message1 = 'This is a long message ' +
    'that spans across multiple lines' + 
    'in the code.'

// using the \ operator
const message2 = 'This is a long message \
that spans across multiple lines \
in the code.'

JavaScript String Length

To find the length of a string, you can use built-in length property. For example,

const a = 'hello';
console.log(a.length); // 5

JavaScript String Objects

You can also create strings using the new keyword. For example,

Note: It is recommended to avoid using string objects. Using string objects slows down the program.

JavaScript String Methods

Here are the commonly used JavaScript String methods:

Example: JavaScript String Methods

JavaScript String() Function

The String() function is used to convert various data types to strings. For example,

If you want to learn more about the string conversion, visit JavaScript Type Conversion.

Escape Character

You can use the backslash escape character \ to include special characters in a string. For example,

Output

My name is 'Peter'.

In the above program, the same quote is included using \.

Here are other ways that you can use \: